Zinc is an essential trace element which is a part of the DNA binding proteins, as well as several enzymes, thereby affects many living processes such as: control of the immune system, wounds healing, regulation of the vitamin A and cholesterol concentration.

Zinc is also essential for the reproductive system development, functioning of the prostate gland and the spermatogenesis process. Sperm is particularly rich in this microelement. Meat is a rich source of zinc in the diet, therefore, vegetarians should use zinc supplements. In addition, the vegetarian diet is mainly based on legumes and whole grains products. They contain phytates, which bind zinc and inhibit its absorption in the body. Consequently, this action inreases the possibility of micronutrient deficiencies.

Selenium is an essential microelement, that in the form of selenocysteine is site-specific to many proteins structure. Selenium is also very important for the work of many enzymes, especially for enzymes with antioxidant activity. Due to these properties selenoproteins protect cells against free radicals. Free radicals are natural by-products of oxygen metabolism that may contribute to the development of chronic diseases such as cancer and heart disease. Some selenoproteins also help to regulate thyroid gland work and take part in the immune response.

Vitamin A plays an important role in process of seeing, cell division and cell differentiation. It is essential in the conversion of rhodopsin, which allows to see in dim light (contrast) and at night. Moreover, vitamin A has very good effect on condition of the skin, because it is involved in the differentiation of keratinocytes in mature epithelial cells.